{"id":16524,"date":"2024-03-25T18:34:49","date_gmt":"2024-03-25T10:34:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.tononplastics.com\/?p=16524"},"modified":"2024-03-25T18:34:49","modified_gmt":"2024-03-25T10:34:49","slug":"what-is-polycarbonate-pc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.tononplastics.com\/tr\/what-is-polycarbonate-pc\/","title":{"rendered":"Polikarbonat (PC) nedir?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Polikarbonat (PC) amorf genel ama\u00e7l\u0131 m\u00fchendislik plastiklerinin bir s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131d\u0131r ve ayn\u0131 zamanda her t\u00fcrl\u00fc genel ama\u00e7l\u0131 m\u00fchendislik plastikleri aras\u0131nda tek \u015feffaf malzemedir. PC re\u00e7inesi, monomerlerin karbonat gruplar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan karbonat ba\u011flar\u0131 yoluyla birbirine ba\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir polimeri ifade eden genel bir terimdir. Polikarbonat\u0131n m\u00fckemmel darbe direnci, \u015feffafl\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u0131s\u0131 direnci (Tg ~ 150\u00b0C civar\u0131nda y\u00fcksek cams\u0131 ge\u00e7i\u015f s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131) ve boyutsal kararl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131, onu \u00e7e\u015fitli uygulamalar i\u00e7in iyi bir malzeme se\u00e7imi haline getirir. \u00d6te yandan, polikarbonattaki ester ba\u011flar\u0131 onu kimyasal olarak di\u011fer malzemelerden daha az diren\u00e7li hale getirir (\u00f6zellikle alkalilere ve ya\u011flar gibi aromatik hidrokarbon bazl\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fclere kar\u015f\u0131 hassast\u0131r) ve polikarbonat ayr\u0131ca s\u0131cak, nemli ortamlarda hidrolize kar\u015f\u0131 hassast\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. Polikarbonat \u00fcretimi<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Polikarbonat\u0131n temel kimyasal yap\u0131s\u0131 \u015eekil 1'de g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\u015eekil
\u015eekil 1: Polikarbonat\u0131n kimyasal yap\u0131s\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u015eekil 2'de g\u00f6sterildi\u011fi gibi, \u015eekil 1'de g\u00f6sterilen birim 4 molek\u00fcler bile\u015fenden olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r: iki fenol (k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 noktal\u0131 \u00e7izgi), bir aseton (ye\u015fil kesikli \u00e7izgi) ve bir karbonat (mavi kesikli \u00e7izgi).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\u015eekil
\u015eekil 2: Polikarbonat\u0131n molek\u00fcler bile\u015fimi<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Polikarbonat terimi \u015eekil 2'deki karbonat varl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan t\u00fcretilmi\u015ftir. Daha spesifik olarak polikarbonat, \u015eekil 3'te g\u00f6sterildi\u011fi gibi dihidroksi bile\u015fiklerinin karbonat molek\u00fclleri ile tekrarlanan reaksiyonlar\u0131 sonucu olu\u015fan polimer zincirlerinden olu\u015fan bir malzemedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\u015eekil
\u015eekil 3: Polikarbonat \u00fcretimine tepki.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u015eekil 3'te R olarak etiketlenen birimin de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi \u00e7e\u015fitli farkl\u0131 polikarbonatlar \u00fcretebilir ve end\u00fcstriyel \u00fcretimde kullan\u0131lan R birimi bisfenol A'd\u0131r (BPA). \u015eekil 4'te g\u00f6sterildi\u011fi gibi, BPA aseton molek\u00fclleri ile ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015f iki fenol molek\u00fcl\u00fcnden olu\u015fur ve boyalar ve yap\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131lar gibi \u00fcr\u00fcnlerde yayg\u0131n bir bile\u015fendir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\u015eekil
\u015eekil 4: Bisfenol A<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Polikarbonat \u00fcretimi i\u00e7in BPA ile reaksiyona giren maddeye ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak de\u011fi\u015fen \u00e7e\u015fitli teknikler vard\u0131r. Bu y\u00f6ntemler a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki tabloda a\u00e7\u0131klanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aray\u00fcz Y\u00f6ntemleri (Aray\u00fcz Birle\u015ftirme)<\/strong><\/th>BPA ve fosgen kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r, reaksiyona sokulur ve bir kataliz\u00f6r varl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda polimerize edilir. Bu y\u00f6ntem molek\u00fcler a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kolayca ayarlayabilir ve m\u00fckemmel \u015feffafl\u0131\u011fa sahip polikarbonat \u00fcretebilir.<\/td><\/tr>
Katalitik Y\u00f6ntemler (Transesterifikasyon S\u00fcreci)<\/strong><\/th>BPA ve difenil karbonat (DPC) kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r, reaksiyona sokulur ve bir kataliz\u00f6r varl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda polimerize edilir.<\/td><\/tr>
Asahi Kasei'nin fosgen i\u00e7ermeyen prosesi<\/strong><\/th>BPA ile CO taraf\u0131ndan sa\u011flanana k\u0131yasla\u00a02<\/sub>ve etilen oksitten (EO) yap\u0131lan ve polimerize edilen DPC.
Avantajlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda CO\u00a02<\/sub>Bile\u015fen olarak fosgen (olduk\u00e7a zehirli bir gaz) kullanmaz. Asahi Kamoto'nun kendisinin PC \u00fcretmedi\u011fini, ancak bu teknolojiyi d\u00fcnyan\u0131n d\u00f6rt bir yan\u0131ndaki PC \u00fcreticilerine lisanslad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 l\u00fctfen unutmay\u0131n.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

3. Polikarbonat\u0131n \u00f6zellikleri<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u015eeffafl\u0131k:<\/strong>
T\u00fcm genel ama\u00e7l\u0131 m\u00fchendislik plastikleri aras\u0131nda polikarbonat tek \u015feffaf re\u00e7inedir. Tipik \u015feffaf malzeme s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131 85-90% g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr \u0131\u015f\u0131k ge\u00e7irgenli\u011fi sa\u011flar (2 mm kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndaki malzemeler i\u00e7in).
- Darbe Dayan\u0131m\u0131:<\/strong>
T\u00fcm plastikler aras\u0131nda polikarbonat en y\u00fcksek darbe direncine sahiptir.
-Is\u0131 tolerans\u0131:<\/strong>
Yakla\u015f\u0131k 150\u00b0C'lik cams\u0131 ge\u00e7i\u015f s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile polikarbonat, geni\u015f bir s\u0131cakl\u0131k aral\u0131\u011f\u0131nda kararl\u0131 mekanik \u00f6zellikler sa\u011flar. Genel mukavemet takviyeli olmayan kaliteler i\u00e7in tipik \u0131s\u0131 sapma s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 120.130 MPa a\u011f\u0131r y\u00fckte 1-80\u00b0C civar\u0131ndad\u0131r.
- Boyutsal Kararl\u0131l\u0131k:<\/strong>
Polikarbonatlar amorf re\u00e7ineler olduklar\u0131ndan, kal\u0131plama s\u0131ras\u0131nda minimum b\u00fcz\u00fclme ve su emerken minimum boyutsal de\u011fi\u015fiklik g\u00f6sterirler.
- Kendi kendini s\u00f6nd\u00fcrme \u00f6zellikleri:<\/strong>
Tipik polikarbonat kaliteleri UL 94 V-2 gibi y\u00fcksek bir alev geciktirme derecesine sahiptir. Daha y\u00fcksek alev geciktirme seviyeleri gerektiren uygulamalar i\u00e7in alev geciktirici katk\u0131 maddeleri de eklenebilir.
- Polikarbonatlar alkalilere ve aromatik hidrokarbon \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fclere (\u00f6rn. ya\u011flar) kar\u015f\u0131 hassast\u0131r.
- Polikarbonattaki ester ba\u011flar\u0131, onu s\u0131cak ve nemli ortamlarda hidrolize duyarl\u0131 hale getirir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Polikarbonat\u0131n en \u00e7ekici \u00f6zellikleri \u015feffafl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve iyi mekanik \u00f6zellikleri, \u00f6zellikle de m\u00fckemmel darbe direncidir. Polikarbonat ayn\u0131 zamanda y\u00fcksek boyutsal hassasiyete sahiptir, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc amorf yap\u0131s\u0131 kal\u0131plama i\u015flemi s\u0131ras\u0131nda minimum b\u00fcz\u00fclme sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4. Polikarbonat uygulamas\u0131<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Kullan\u0131lan malzeme miktar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan, polikarbonat\u0131n ana uygulamalar\u0131 elektrikli ve elektronik ekipmanlar, ofis ekipmanlar\u0131, filmler ve levhalar ve otomotiv par\u00e7alar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Son y\u0131llarda, elektrikli\/elektronik ekipmanlar ve ofis ekipmanlar\u0131 i\u00e7in LED ayd\u0131nlatma malzemelerine olan talep \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde artm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Polikarbonat\u0131n m\u00fckemmel optik netli\u011fi ve \u0131s\u0131 direnci, onu lensler i\u00e7in ideal bir malzeme haline getirmektedir. Ev ve ofis aletlerinde, polikarbonat ve ABS ile harmanlanm\u0131\u015f ala\u015f\u0131m malzeme, alet \u015fasisi ve muhafaza malzemesi olarak yayg\u0131n \u015fekilde kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Polikarbonat kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n nedenleri aras\u0131nda iyi kal\u0131planabilirli\u011fi, renklendirme kolayl\u0131\u011f\u0131, alev geciktiricili\u011fi ve darbe direnci yer almaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130n\u015faat ve in\u015faat m\u00fchendisli\u011finde, polikarbonat\u0131n y\u00fcksek berrakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve m\u00fckemmel darbe direnci, onu film ve levha malzemeleri i\u00e7in yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131lan bir se\u00e7enek haline getirmektedir. S\u0131v\u0131 kristal ekran panelleri, polikarbonat\u0131n bir ba\u015fka y\u00fcksek hacimli uygulamas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Polikarbonat\u0131n otomotiv sekt\u00f6r\u00fcndeki belki de en \u00f6nemli uygulamas\u0131 otomotiv farlar\u0131d\u0131r (\u015eekil 5). Modern \u0131\u015f\u0131k kaynaklar\u0131, termal tasar\u0131mdaki ilerlemeler, kasa sertle\u015ftirme teknolojisinin geli\u015ftirilmesi ve di\u011fer fakt\u00f6rler, \u00e7o\u011fu yeni otomobilde polikarbonat kullan\u0131lmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015f ve bu da genel a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n azalt\u0131lmas\u0131na katk\u0131da bulunmu\u015ftur. Polikarbonat ayr\u0131ca g\u00f6sterge panelleri ve \u00e7e\u015fitli lens t\u00fcrleri gibi di\u011fer \u015feffaf par\u00e7alar\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra \u0131zgaralar gibi d\u0131\u015f par\u00e7alarda ve d\u00fc\u011fmeler ve anahtarlar gibi i\u00e7 ve yap\u0131sal par\u00e7alarda da kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yukar\u0131da a\u00e7\u0131klanan uygulamalara ek olarak, DVD'ler ve di\u011fer optik diskler (\u015eekil 5) de polikarbonattan yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r; PC re\u00e7inesinin m\u00fckemmel berrakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve \u0131s\u0131 direnci onu bu uygulama i\u00e7in ideal bir malzeme haline getirmektedir, ancak \u0130nternet tabanl\u0131 i\u00e7erik da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n artan pop\u00fclaritesi talebin azalmas\u0131na neden olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\u015eekil\u015eekil 5: Polikarbonat i\u00e7in yayg\u0131n uygulamalar aras\u0131nda otomotiv farlar\u0131 (solda) ve diskler (sa\u011fda) bulunmaktad\u0131r<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

5. Polikarbonat ve modifiye PPE re\u00e7ineleri: temel \u00f6zelliklerin ve ana uygulamalar\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Polikarbonata ek olarak, amorf m\u00fchendislik plastikleri kategorisi \u015funlar\u0131 i\u00e7erir: Modifiye PPE re\u00e7inesi\u3002 Bu b\u00f6l\u00fcmde, bu iki malzeme ailesinin temel \u00f6zelliklerini k\u0131saca kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131raca\u011f\u0131z ve kullan\u0131ld\u0131klar\u0131 farkl\u0131 yollar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klayaca\u011f\u0131z.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 <\/th>poli\u0307karbonat<\/th>Geli\u015ftirilmi\u015f ki\u015fisel koruyucu ekipman<\/th><\/tr>
\u00d6zg\u00fcl a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k\/a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k kayb\u0131<\/th>\uff0b\uff0b\uff0b\uff0b<\/td>\uff0b\uff0b\uff0b\uff0b\uff0b<\/td><\/tr>
D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck su emilimi<\/th>\uff0b\uff0b\uff0b\uff0b<\/td>\uff0b\uff0b\uff0b\uff0b\uff0b<\/td><\/tr>
Hidroliz direnci<\/th>\uff0b\uff0b\uff0b<\/td>\uff0b\uff0b\uff0b\uff0b\uff0b<\/td><\/tr>
Alev geciktirici<\/th>+++++ (s\u0131n\u0131f seviyesine ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak)<\/td><\/tr>
Kal\u0131plama \u00f6zellikleri<\/th>+++++ (s\u0131n\u0131f seviyesine ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak)<\/td><\/tr>
Elektriksel \u00f6zellikler<\/th>\uff0b\uff0b\uff0b\uff0b<\/td>\uff0b\uff0b\uff0b\uff0b\uff0b<\/td><\/tr>
\u0131s\u0131 tolerans\u0131<\/th>+++++ (s\u0131n\u0131f seviyesine ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak)<\/td><\/tr>
Optik \u00f6zellikler<\/th>\u015eeffafl\u0131k<\/td>opak<\/td><\/tr>
Renklendirme\/renk bozulmas\u0131<\/th>Renkli olabilir<\/td>Renklenme meydana gelebilir, ancak sar\u0131 renk de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi olu\u015fabilir<\/td><\/tr>
Darbe dayan\u0131m\u0131<\/th>\uff0b\uff0b\uff0b\uff0b\uff0b<\/td>\uff0b\uff0b\uff0b<\/td><\/tr>
Asit\/alkali dayan\u0131m\u0131<\/th>\uff0b\uff0b\uff0b<\/td>\uff0b\uff0b\uff0b\uff0b\uff0b<\/td><\/tr>
Organik \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fclere kar\u015f\u0131 dayan\u0131kl\u0131<\/th>\uff0b\uff0b<\/td>\uff0b\uff0b<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Tablo: Polikarbonat ve modifiye PPE re\u00e7inelerinin \u00f6zellikleri<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Polikarbonat uygulamas\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Polikarbonat \u015feffaf oldu\u011fundan ve renklendirilebildi\u011finden, optik bile\u015fenlerde ve \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc etkileyen par\u00e7alarda yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Polikarbonat \u00f6zellikle \u015feffafl\u0131k ve y\u00fcksek darbe direnci gerektiren uygulamalar i\u00e7in \u00e7ok uygundur ve genellikle y\u00fcksek \u0131s\u0131 direnci gerektiren otomotiv bile\u015fenleri ve optik bile\u015fenler i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Modifiye PPE re\u00e7inelerinin uygulanmas\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Modifiye PPE re\u00e7ineleri, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck \u00f6zg\u00fcl a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k (a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 azaltmaya yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur), hidroliz direnci, kimyasal diren\u00e7, iyi elektriksel \u00f6zellikler ve y\u00fcksek boyutsal do\u011fruluk gibi avantajl\u0131 \u00f6zellikleri kullan\u0131larak \u00e7e\u015fitli uygulamalarda kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Bu t\u00fcr uygulamalara \u00f6rnek olarak lityum-iyon pil sistemleri i\u00e7in \u00e7evresel bile\u015fenler, g\u00fcne\u015f jenerat\u00f6rleri i\u00e7in konekt\u00f6rler, 5G ileti\u015fim sistemleri i\u00e7in gerekli \u00fcr\u00fcnler ve g\u00fcnl\u00fck ya\u015famda belirgin olmasa da modern d\u00fcnyada her yerde bulunan di\u011fer uygulamalar verilebilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

6. \u0130\u015fleme y\u00f6ntemi<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Polikarbonat genellikle y\u00fcksek boyutsal do\u011fruluk ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck \u015fekil bozulmas\u0131 gerektiren alanlarda kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, malzemenin Enjeksiyon kal\u0131plama Kal\u0131plama y\u00f6ntemi ve kal\u0131planm\u0131\u015f g\u00f6vdenin y\u00fczey aktar\u0131m \u00f6zelliklerini iyile\u015ftirme teknolojisi, s\u00fcrekli geli\u015ftirme \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n odak noktas\u0131d\u0131r. Buna bir \u00f6rnek, optik diskler i\u00e7in geli\u015ftirilen, malzeme dolumu s\u0131ras\u0131nda bo\u015flu\u011fun geni\u015fletildi\u011fi, erimi\u015f re\u00e7inenin daha kolay akmas\u0131na izin veren ve daha sonra y\u00fcksek hassasiyetli y\u00fczey transferi sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in orijinal kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131na geri d\u00f6nen enjeksiyon s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma kal\u0131plama tekni\u011fidir. Bir ba\u015fka \u00f6rnek de, y\u00fcksek a\u015f\u0131nma hasar\u0131 direnci gerektiren otomotiv bile\u015fenleri i\u00e7in sertle\u015ftirme i\u015flemlerinin geli\u015ftirilmesidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

7. Polikarbonat kullan\u0131m\u0131 ile ilgili pratik hususlar<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Polikarbonat\u0131n y\u00fcksek eriyik viskozitesi, kal\u0131p ve kal\u0131plama i\u015flemi i\u00e7in baz\u0131 \u00f6zel d\u00fczenlemeler gerektirir, aksi takdirde kal\u0131planm\u0131\u015f \u00fcr\u00fcnde kusurlar, \u015fekil bozukluklar\u0131 veya \u00e7atlaklar olabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Polikarbonat\u0131n kimyasal direnci, \u015feffaf malzemelerde nispeten y\u00fcksek olsa da, sonu\u00e7ta amorf yap\u0131s\u0131 ve karbonat ba\u011flar\u0131 ile s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131d\u0131r, bu nedenle \u015fekil bozulmas\u0131n\u0131 en aza indirmek i\u00e7in kal\u0131plama ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n dikkatlice ayarlanmas\u0131 gerekir. \u0130\u015fleme a\u015famas\u0131nda makine ya\u011flay\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemek ve minimum kal\u0131nt\u0131 etkilerini garanti eden bir ay\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 madde se\u00e7mek i\u00e7in de dikkatli olunmal\u0131d\u0131r. Benzer \u015fekilde, kal\u0131planm\u0131\u015f polikarbonat \u00fcr\u00fcnleri kullan\u0131rken, olumsuz yan etkilerden ka\u00e7\u0131nmak i\u00e7in spreylerin ve temizlik \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinin se\u00e7iminde dikkatli olunmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

8. Polikarbonat ve \u00e7evresel s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilirlik<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

2\u2033Polikarbonat \u00fcretimi\u2033 ayetinde belirtildi\u011fi gibi, Asahi Kasei CO\u00a02<\/sub>ve polikarbonat \u00fcretiminde bir bile\u015fen olarak EO. Proses olduk\u00e7a zehirli bir gaz olan fosgen veya kanserojen oldu\u011fundan \u015f\u00fcphelenilen metilen klor\u00fcr kullanmaz ve g\u00fcvenlik g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurularak tasarlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ve teknolojisi d\u00fcnyan\u0131n d\u00f6rt bir yan\u0131ndaki PC \u00fcreticilerine lisanslanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Asahi Kasei ayr\u0131ca biyok\u00fctle uyumlulu\u011fu i\u00e7in k\u00fctle dengesi yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131na dayal\u0131 polikarbonat kaliteleri de sunmaktad\u0131r. Polikarbonat yap\u0131m\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan BPA bile\u015feni fenolden \u00fcretilse de, bu y\u00f6ntemler bu fenol\u00fc \u00fcretmek i\u00e7in biyok\u00fctle bile\u015fenlerinden elde edilen maddeleri kullan\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Polikarbonat geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn birincil y\u00f6ntemi, kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f re\u00e7ine malzemelerinin toz haline getirildi\u011fi, eritildi\u011fi ve yeniden \u015fekillendirildi\u011fi malzeme geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcd\u00fcr. Bu y\u00f6ntem \u00f6zellikle y\u00fcksek kalitede olma e\u011filiminde olan ve b\u00fcy\u00fck miktarlarda toplanmas\u0131 nispeten kolay olan ikinci el diskler gibi \u00fcr\u00fcnler i\u00e7in kullan\u0131\u015fl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kolon: Kristal ve amorf plastiklerin eritilmesi<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Amorf bir plastik malzeme belirli bir s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00fczerinde \u0131s\u0131t\u0131larak eritildi\u011finde, plastik i\u00e7indeki biti\u015fik molek\u00fcller malzeme boyunca serbest\u00e7e hareket edebilir. Bunun ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fi s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011fa Tg sembol\u00fc ile g\u00f6sterilen cams\u0131 ge\u00e7i\u015f s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 denir ve s\u0131cakl\u0131k Tg'den y\u00fcksek oldu\u011funda malzeme ak\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131k g\u00f6stermeye ba\u015flar. Polikarbonat\u0131n cams\u0131 ge\u00e7i\u015f s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Tg~150\u00b0C'dir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kristal plastiklerin erimesi biraz daha karma\u015f\u0131kt\u0131r. Kristal plastiklerin mikro yap\u0131s\u0131na bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, amorf b\u00f6lgenin kristal b\u00f6lge ile bir arada bulundu\u011fu ve daha y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131klarda, amorf b\u00f6lgedeki molek\u00fcllerin \u00f6nce hareket etmeye ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131, kristal b\u00f6lgedeki molek\u00fcllerin ise g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc molek\u00fcller aras\u0131 kuvvetlerle ba\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve hareket edemedi\u011fi, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla kat\u0131 halde var olmaya devam etti\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir. S\u0131cakl\u0131k daha da artt\u0131k\u00e7a, kristal b\u00f6lgedeki molek\u00fcller de serbest\u00e7e hareket etmeye ba\u015flar ve malzeme ak\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131k sergilemeye ba\u015flar. Amorf b\u00f6lgedeki molek\u00fcllerin serbest\u00e7e hareket etmeye ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011fa cams\u0131 ge\u00e7i\u015f s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 (Tg) denir - amorf plastikler i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan terimle ayn\u0131d\u0131r. Aksine, kristalle\u015fme b\u00f6lgesindeki molek\u00fcllerin serbest\u00e7e hareket etmeye ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131k erime noktas\u0131 olarak bilinir ve Tm olarak g\u00f6sterilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kristalin plastikler Tg'nin alt\u0131ndaki s\u0131cakl\u0131klarda cam halinde bulunurken, Tg ile Tm aras\u0131nda kau\u00e7ukla\u015fm\u0131\u015f halde bulunurlar. Cams\u0131 ve kau\u00e7uksu plastiklerin her ikisi de kat\u0131 olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, \u00f6zelliklerinde \u00f6nemli farkl\u0131l\u0131klar vard\u0131r: ilk durumdaki molek\u00fcler davran\u0131\u015f, cam\u0131n g\u00fcnl\u00fck ya\u015famdaki tan\u0131d\u0131k \u00f6zelliklerini an\u0131msat\u0131rken, ikinci durumdaki molek\u00fcler davran\u0131\u015f, kau\u00e7u\u011fun davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131ndan birini an\u0131msat\u0131r, bu nedenle se\u00e7im terimini a\u00e7\u0131klar. S\u00f6ylemeye gerek yok, amorf plastikler i\u00e7in kau\u00e7uk durumunda benzerleri yoktur. S\u0131cakl\u0131k ve plastik hal aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fki \u015eekil 7'de g\u00f6sterilmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\u015eekil
\u015eekil 6: Erime noktas\u0131 ve cams\u0131 ge\u00e7i\u015f s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\u015eekil<\/figure>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Polycarbonate (PC) is a class of amorphous general-purpose engineering plastics, and it is also the only transparent material among all kinds of general-purpose engineering plastics. PC resin is a general term that refers to a polymer in which monomers are linked together by carbonate groups through carbonate bonds. Polycarbonate’s excellent impact resistance, transparency, heat resistance […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":16070,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-16524","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.tononplastics.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16524","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.tononplastics.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.tononplastics.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.tononplastics.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.tononplastics.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16524"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.tononplastics.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16524\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.tononplastics.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/16070"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.tononplastics.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16524"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.tononplastics.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=16524"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.tononplastics.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=16524"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}